Oestrogen is a vital hormone that plays a key role in regulating the female reproductive system. It affects everything from the menstrual cycle and mood to bone health and cardiovascular function.
However, like all hormones, estrogen needs to stay in balance. When estrogen levels rise too high—a condition known as oestrogen dominance—it can lead to a host of physical and emotional health problems.
Let us explore what causes high estrogen in women, the symptoms to watch for, potential health risks, and how to naturally restore hormonal balance.
A. What is Oestrogen and Why Is It Important?
Oestrogen is one of the primary sex hormones in women, produced mainly in the ovaries. It’s also made in smaller amounts by fat cells and the adrenal glands. Estrogen is responsible for:
- Regulating the menstrual cycle
- Supporting pregnancy and reproductive functions
- Promoting healthy bone density
- Influencing mood and cognitive function
- Protecting heart health
Normal Estrogen Levels:
- Premenopausal Women:
- Follicular Phase (Days 1-14): Estradiol (E2) typically ranges from 30 to 400 pg/mL.
- Luteal Phase (Days 15-28): Estradiol (E2) typically ranges from 15 to 275 pg/mL.
- Postmenopausal Women:
- Estradiol (E2) typically ranges from less than 10 to 30 pg/mL.
B. What is High Estrogen (Estrogen Dominance)?
Estrogen dominance occurs when estrogen levels are too high relative to other hormones, especially progesterone.
This doesn’t necessarily mean estrogen is off the charts; even normal levels of estrogen can cause issues if progesterone is too low.
Estrogen dominance can affect women of all ages, including teenagers, women in their 20s and 30s, and even postmenopausal women.
This imbalance can occur due to internal hormonal shifts or external factors like lifestyle and environmental toxins.
C. High Estrogen In Women Causes (Etiology)
There are several reasons why estrogen levels may rise excessively:
1. Poor Liver Function
The liver helps detoxify and eliminate excess estrogen from the body. When it’s sluggish due to alcohol, poor diet, or toxins, estrogen builds up.
2. Obesity
Fat cells produce estrogen. The more fat tissue you have, the more estrogen your body may produce.
3. Hormonal Birth Control (Contraceptives)
Many birth control pills contain synthetic estrogen, which can increase estrogen levels over time.
4. Xenoestrogens
These are synthetic compounds found in plastics, pesticides, and personal care products that mimic estrogen in the body and disrupt natural hormonal balance.
5. Chronic Stress
Stress raises cortisol, which can lower progesterone, leading to a relative increase in estrogen dominance.
6. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Some forms of HRT, particularly those that include estrogen without progesterone, can contribute to high estrogen levels.
D. Symptoms of High Estrogen
The symptoms of high estrogen can be wide-ranging and often overlap with other conditions, making diagnosis tricky. Here are common signs of estrogen dominance:
- Irregular periods or heavy bleeding
- Severe PMS symptoms (bloating, mood swings, breast tenderness)
- Weight gain, especially around the hips and thighs
- Fatigue and low energy
- Anxiety or depression
- Brain fog or memory issues
- Low libido
- Headaches or migraines
- Trouble sleeping or insomnia
- .Thyroid dysfunction
- Fibrocystic breasts or breast swelling
- Uterine fibroids or endometriosis
E. Health Risks Associated with High Estrogen
Estrogen dominance doesn’t just cause temporary discomfort; it can increase the risk of several long-term health conditions if left unaddressed.
1. Breast and Uterine Cancer
High estrogen levels have been linked to an increased risk of estrogen-receptor-positive cancers, including breast and endometrial cancers.
2. Thyroid Dysfunction
Elevated estrogen can interfere with thyroid hormone conversion, contributing to symptoms of hypothyroidism.
3. Infertility
Estrogen dominance can throw off the delicate balance needed for ovulation and implantation, making conception difficult.
4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Women with PCOS may also experience high estrogen in the presence of low progesterone, further complicating hormonal imbalances.
5. Blood Clots and Stroke
Excess estrogen increases clotting factors in the blood, potentially raising the risk of blood clots and strokes.
F. Testing (Diagnosis) for High Oestrogen
To accurately diagnose estrogen dominance, your healthcare provider may recommend one or more of the following tests:
Blood test: To check levels of estrogen (estradiol), progesterone, and other related hormones
Saliva test: Measures free hormone levels that may reflect tissue absorption
Urine test (DUTCH test): Provides a comprehensive look at hormone levels and how your body metabolizes them.
G. Natural Ways to Reduce the Oestrogen Imbalance
If you’re dealing with high estrogen, the good news is that there are natural strategies you can use to rebalance your hormones.
1. Improve Liver Detoxification
Support your liver with detoxifying foods like:
- Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, kale, cauliflower)
- Garlic and onions
- Green tea
- Lemon water
- Milk thistle supplements (consult your doctor)
2. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Losing excess body fat can reduce estrogen production. Focus on a balanced diet with regular physical activity like walking, strength training, or yoga.
3. Limit Alcohol and Caffeine
Both substances can impair liver function and promote hormonal imbalances.
4. Reduce Exposure to Xenoestrogens
- Use glass or stainless-steel containers instead of plastic
- Choose organic produce when possible
- Avoid parabens and phthalates in cosmetics and personal care products
- Filter tap water to reduce chemical exposure
5. Eat More Fiber
Fiber helps eliminate excess estrogen via the digestive system. Aim for 25–35 grams of fiber per day from foods like:
- Whole grains
- Lentils and beans
- Leafy greens
- Chia and flax seeds
6. Support Gut Health
A healthy gut microbiome helps break down and excrete excess estrogen. Include probiotic-rich foods like:
- yogurt or kefir
- Sauerkraut
- Kimchi
- Prebiotic foods like bananas, onions, and oats
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7. Exercise Regularly
Moderate exercise can help reduce estrogen levels, balance insulin, and support mood. Avoid over-exercising, which can stress the body and worsen hormone issues.
8. Balance Stress
Incorporate stress-reducing practices such as:
Deep breathing exercises
Meditation or mindfulness
Journaling
Spending time in nature
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9. Consider Natural Supplements (Always consult a healthcare provider first)
DIM (Diindolylmethane) – Found in cruciferous veggies, helps the body metabolize estrogen
Calcium-D-Glucarate – Supports liver detoxification
Vitex (Chasteberry) – May support progesterone production and hormone balance
Magnesium and B-vitamins – Aid in hormone regulation and stress response
H. When to Seek Medical Help
While natural approaches can be powerful, it’s essential to consult a doctor or a functional medicine practitioner if:
Symptoms are persistent or severe
You’re trying to get pregnant
You suspect a more serious underlying condition like a tumor or thyroid disorder
You’re on hormone therapy and unsure about side effects
Treatment may involve hormone therapy, dietary changes, or targeted medications depending on your unique hormonal profile.
I. Takeaway
Hormones are delicate messengers, and even small imbalances can have a big impact on how you feel. High estrogen—or estrogen dominance—is a common but often overlooked issue that affects many women. From mood swings and weight gain to more serious conditions like cancer and infertility, the effects of high estrogen are wide-reaching.
The good news? With awareness, lifestyle changes, and proper testing, you can take charge of your hormonal health. Balance is the key, and your body will thank you for listening to its signals.
